This is a long page.
This page contains information about healthcare professionals with disability. Here you will find papers on this site, other online papers and articles published in journals and books .
Published papers (Journals etc.)
If you would like to contribute or find any errors please email David Wright.
Anonymous. 2002 Campaign aims to boost disabled numbers (The full Ceefax Story) Ceefax pg.119, BBC. 25 August.
People with disabilities are under-represented on public bodies such as NHS Trusts.
Birket D. 2003 Ready, willing and disabled The Guardian [online]
Daniel Strother, who broke his back climbing Ben Nevis, hopes to make medical history by qualifying as a doctor - in a wheelchair. But why is the profession so scared of taking on disabled people? Tuesday January 7.
Carol R. 2002 Nurses With Disabilities Minority Nurse
People with disabilities are one of the most underrepresented voices in nursing. But like nurses of color, they have a lot to say about overcoming discrimination and barriers to take their rightful place in the profession.
Coates KJ. 2002 Up to the Challenge: Nurses with disabilities overcome legal, social and mental hurdles to flourish in their careers Nurse week, March 12
Connie Churchill's (RN) story mirrors others. Beyond physical challenges, nurses with disabilities face legal, social and mental hurdles in the workplace. But persistence and drive can inspire success.
Cross P 2003 One legged and proud BMJ Career Focus327: s126 (18October)
David Sheppard, a general practitioner and police surgeon, who has never let his disability get the better of him.
Cross P 2003 Disabled and working
BMJ Career Focus326: s185(31May) [also at: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/news/Jun2003/BMJArticleonDoctorwMS.html
Cross reports on a recent workshop that focuses on how doctors with disabilities and chronic illnesses can continue working.
Disability Rights Commission 2003 Hospital's failure to make reasonable adjustment to accommodate limitations placed upon nurse by development of arthritis - DRC/00/643
The client is a nurse and has worked for the NHS for 18 years. She developed arthritis and was put under pressure to accept retirement on grounds of ill-health. Her employment was in due course terminated on that basis. EAT also concurred with the ET finding that as the client had accepted ill health retirement, it was not feasible for her employer to consider other reasonable adjustments in accordance with section 6.
Disability Rights Commission 2003 Adjustments to student's medical course not approved by professional organisation - DRC/00/177
The client's claim arises from the failure of a professional trade organisation to validate a course of medical studies adapted to her particular needs by a university medical faculty which had previously offered her a place of study. The Employment Tribunal (at a preliminary hearing) held the GMC was a trade organisation covered by Part II of the DDA. The GMC appealed to the Employment Appeal Tribunal which upheld the appeal and overturned the Employment Tribunal's decision, stating the GMC was a body responsible for prescribing and maintaining professional standards of expertise, and was not a trade organisation.
Disability Rights Commission 2003 Depression as reason for withdrawal of offer of employment as care-worker - DRC/00/049
A client was offered a job as a care worker. Although he had a history of mental health problems. Between accepting the job and starting work, he suffered a severely depressive episode. When the local authority got to hear of that, the offer of employment was withdrawn, notwithstanding the view of the occupational health officer that the client was fit for work. The employment tribunal found at preliminary hearing that the client was not disabled for the purposes of the DDA because his depression did not have a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.
Disability Rights Commission August 2002 "Can't do nursing with one hand!" - Nikki Heazell proves everyone wrong An interview with Nikki Heazell is at: http://www.drc.org.uk/open4all/newsroom/newsdetails.asp?id=244§ion=1
Nikki Heazell, who had her left arm amputated below the elbow when she was a baby, qualified as a staff nurse last July and now works at Birmingham City Hospital.
Disability Rights Commission 2000 Disabled student wins right to take General Medical Council to tribunal 13 December
In a landmark ruling, a disabled student has won the right to take the General Medical Council (GMC) to employment tribunal for not allowing her to complete her medical training. [Link removed because it cannot be found: June 2004].
DoH 2003 Equalities and diversity: strategy and delivery plan to support the NHS [PDF] (01 October) Department of Health, London.
This document seeks views on how the DoH Human Resources Directorate can help NHS organisations meet their legal and statutory duties and obligations in respect of equality and diversity and outlines how DoH intends to approach some of the key equalities and diversity issues and challenges over the next five years.
DoH & Human Resources Directorate 2003 Equalities & Diversity in the NHS Progress & Priorities [PDF] (1st Oct.). Department of Health, London.
The report sets out what equality and diversity means in the NHS and Department of Health and, using case studies, celebrates good practice achieved, to the date of publication, both nationally and in individual Trusts. It also recognises that there is a long way to go on a number of issues and outlines plans for tackling these in the future.
DoH 2000 Looking beyond labels: Widening the employment opportunities for people with disabilities in the New NHS Dept. of Health & NHS Executive, London. Free from Department of Health, PO Box 777, SE1 6XH, tel: 0541 555 455. Online at: http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HumanResourcesAndTraining/ModelEmployer/ImprovingWorkingLives/fs/en [html] and downloadable from: http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/03/48/88/04034888.pdf [PDF].
DoH 2000 Drive To Increase Employment Of Disabled People In The NHS (Press Release; 18 May: Reference number: 2000/0287) Department of Health, London.
Guidance will help NHS tackle workforce discrimination.
Eathorne V. 2004 Supporting RCN Members with disability in the clinical environment: A workbook to support a workshop Disability Studies 2004: Putting theory into practice. Lancaster, Leeds and York Universities. Lancaster University. 26 - 28 July. A4 version of the poster. Poster summary [PDF]. Also see: Wright & Eathorne 2003.
Also available from Disability Studies: Putting Theory Into Practice, Lancaster, July 2004: (summary and poster) http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fss/apsocsci/events/dsaconf2004/papers.htm and (poster) http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fss/apsocsci/events/ds_archive.htm.
This poster presents an outline of a workbook to support a workshop to assist RCN representatives (and others) in supporting employees and students with disability in the clinical environment.
Editorial 2001. Career advice for doctors with a chronic illness BMJ 2001;322:1136-1137 (12May) [also at: http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/news/May2001/DoctorswithChronicIllness.html].
Doctors who have a chronic illness have a rough deal. As well as having to come to terms with their illness, they also face problems in their career. Inflexible working patterns, poor contingency cover, and colleagues who are "sympathetic until it affects them" often add guilt to an already difficult situation and leave ill doctors wondering whether they can continue working in a position that makes little allowances for their health needs. The Career Focus matching scheme may help fill the gap.
Green V. 2003 I See Your Voice: Practicalities, Problems and Possible Solutions for Deaf Students Accessing Learning Within a Health Profession Course, with Specific Reference to Physiotherapy. Leeds Metropolitan University. [LTSN Health: Student Essay, 1st Prize]. 9(3):136-7.
This article outlines the origins, development, and current status of the David B. Kriser Institute for the Rehabilitation of Disabled Dentists. During its first decade of existence this unique facility has provided retraining for more than 30 physically disabled dentists who have subsequently been able to resume dental practice. A case study highlights the Institute's mode of operation.
Health Professionals Council. 2005 A disabled person’s guide to becoming a health professional A consulation document. Health Professions Council, London.
This document is for disabled people who want to become health professionals and for staff working in admissions on approved courses. It gives information for applicants about the stages that they need to go through to become a health professional, including registration with us. It also gives information for admissions staff on their responsibilities under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and to HPC, when they receive an application from a disabled person.
Hoppenstein LL. 2001 Nurse With Disability Lawfully Terminated Under The ADA Kollman and Saucier (Lawyers) October 8.
The Eighth Circuit held that a nurse with rheumatoid arthritis was lawfully terminated because she could not perform the essential functions of her job. Stafne v. Unicare Homes d/b/a Trevilla of New Brighton Inc., No. 99-3562 (8th Cir. Oct. 1, 2001).
Liguori M. 2003 Disabled nurse succeeds despite hurdles, attitudes Denver's Nursing Star.
.... the contributions of disabled nurses are all the more remarkable. This isn't news to the nursing community. Published surveys have shown that the general nursing population overwhelmingly supports and vouches for the productivity of disabled nurses on health care staffs. However, ... many disabled nurses keep their conditions secret. That isn't the case for ... Terry Chase, ND, RN. Chase is patient and family education coordinator ... specializes in rehabilitation of severe spinal chord and brain trauma. A highly respected and professionally accomplished nurse, Chase has learned to deal with the stigma attached to disabled people, particularly nurses. She uses a wheelchair. ....
MacDonald 2004. Information for students with disabilities studentBMJ, London
Eleven UK medical schools still do not provide adequate disability related information on their websites despite being made aware of this a year ago, according to a new report theSequel to Pushing the Boat
The study, which also included dental and veterinary schools, is the follow up study to Pushing the Boat Out, which was published a year ago. Both studies are part of the DIVERSE project (funded by the Higher Education Funding Council for England), which aims to improve the provision for disabled students in veterinary medicine, medicine, and dentistry.
Rae G (Chair) 2004 Careers barriers in medicine: Doctors' experiences BMA Equal Opportunities Committee.
News report at BMA web site.
Full report, online here.
Download the report as a PDF.
Doctors' careers are being blocked because of discrimination based on disability, ethnicity, sexuality, and gender says a new report from the British Medical Association (published Sunday 27 June 04).
Redstone C. 2004 “You really listen to me”: Life as a doctor with a hearing loss BMJ Career Focus 329: 128-9 (25 September).
HTML version.
Download PDF version.
Clare Redstone recently developed a hearing impairment and found that the single most helpful step was getting in touch with other health professionals with hearing loss. Here she shares her experiences and gives some tips for both hearing and hearing impaired colleagues.
RCN 2003 Workability2: Getting on with the job [PDF] Royal College of Nursing, London.
Information for nurses, RCN representatives and employers about helping injured, ill or disabled nurses to return to work. 'Workability' incorporates changes in legislation, success stories of nurses being helped to return to meaningful employment, disability legislation and the health care workplace; the work of the RCN and others in promoting good practice; and key steps to a working rehabilitation policy. References and further sources of information are included. (also see below: Workability - Injured and disabled nurses can return to work).
RCN 2003 Diversity appraisal resource guide [PDF] Royal College of Nursing, London. Publication code: 001 825.
Written for RCN Officers and Representatives, it focuses on how organisations promote equality and diversity in nurses' employment, and how they put policies into practice. The guide also includes a diversity appraisal tool for employers, RCN officers and representatives and a case study.
Cover and Index: the cover is a separate document: Download cover of Diversity appraisal resource guide [PDF]
Available from RCNDirect (Tel: 0845 772 6100) or RCNDirect Online: http://www.rcn.org.uk/direct
Roberts T. 2004. Medicine, Dentistry & Vetinary Medicine: Disabled Students Disabled students - disabled doctors & time for a change? Mini-project topic: Student Support (project final report [PDF]). LTSN-01 mini-project.
Sapey B, Turner R, Orton S. 2004 Access to Practice: Overcoming the barriers to practice learning for disabled social work students SWAPLTSN.
This is available as a PDF document from this link.
A resource and discussion tool for clarifying the legislative power of SENDA and placing it within the new context of 'practice learning' for social work for practice learning co-ordinators and their colleagues from all stakeholder organisations involved in the development and assessment of practice learning. The intention of the writers, is to help social work education providers to improve their ability in practice learning and increase the numbers of disabled people undertaking the new degree in social work.
Nanthini S. 2003 The Journey of a Visually Impaired Student becoming an Occupational Therapist British Journal of Occupational Therapy 66(12):568-70(December) [PDF].
This opinion piece outlines the personal reflections of a visually impaired student’s experience throughout her studies, both at university and on placement. Its purpose is to raise awareness of students with disabilities. By highlighting relevant literature and drawing on personal experience, some recommendations are made for the future. Government policy in the United Kingdom aims to remove the barriers to education and to subsequent employment for those with disabilities. This may not always be the case, as highlighted by this narrative.
SKILL Scotland. 2003. A review of basic medical education in Scotland
Also as a PDF Version available here
(also) Future Practice: A Review of the Scottish Medical Workforce
Highlights the need to increase recruitment and retention of medical students and new doctors, particularly in light of the demographic changes and likely changes to the requirements for the NHS in future years. Disabled people have particularly low success rates in applications as mentioned in 'Future Practice', and remain a largely untapped resource of potential doctors. It is also important to note that in many cases, disabled people bring added insight and empathy to their work with clients through their own experiences of impairment.
PDF Version available here.
Turpin G, Fensom P. 2004 Widening access within undergraduate psychology education and its implications for professional psychology: Gender, disability and ethnic diversity British Psychological Society Division of Clinical
Psychology, Standing Committee on Equal Opportunities and the Professional Practice Board, Leicester.
From the foreword: ... the Division of Clinical Psychology, jointly with the Professional Practice Board of the British Psychological Society, ... looks closely at the career path of psychologists from university entrance through to postgraduate training and examines potential barriers to a more diverse workforce in health and social care. .... We are also seeing more undergraduates with a disability studying psychology and receiving appropriate adjustments and support under the recent SENDA Disability Discrimination Act. The profession needs to urgently address how these individuals can be encouraged to train and work as applied psychologists following graduation.
Tynan A. 2004 Sequal to Pushing the boat out LTSN Medicine, Dentistry & Vetinary Medicine
Two versions of this document:
1. WEB based version use this link
2. Download PDF version use this link
The effects of the publicity about the follow-up study were remarkable. The mere notification of the follow-up study meant there would be no possibility of hiding behind ignorance. This attitude was apparent in some of the comments made by staff who took up the invitation to contact the author for advice. It was also reflected in comments made by others who reported a general air of activity in their institution. No doubt there was an air of indifference or even hostility in a minority of others and this is reflected in the analysis carried out in Chapter One. The aim of The Sequel is to provide further support and advice to those who are willing to listen. It is also intended to act as a wake-up call to the minority who have still failed to perceive the wonderful potential of disabled health care professionals.
Tynan A. 2003 Pushing the boat out LTSN Medicine, Dentistry & Vetinary Medicine
1. Web based version of Pushing the Boat out
2. Download PDF version of Pushing the Boat out.
This study focuses on how medical, dental and veterinary schools differ in the information offered on their websites for potential applicants with disabilities. This includes an assessment of the relevant requirements of the registration or professional bodies and how clearly these are transmitted. If more people with disabilities are to enter medicine, dentistry or veterinary medicine, these 'portals to the professions' (the websites) should encourage them to investigate their possibilities of doing so.
Wray J, Fell B, Stanley N, Manthorpe J, Coyne E. 2005 Best Practice Guide : disabled social work students and placements
This document contains best practice guidelines in supporting disabled social work students on placement and is based on the PEdDS research report (available below). It has been written with the following key groups in mind ...
* Students
* Academic staff including placement co-ordinators
* Practice assessors/teachers
* Disability support staff
...and is designed so that it can be photocopied and distributed as required.
Wright DJ, Eathorne V. 2003 The Disability Discrimination Act 1995: A workbook to support a training workshop [PDF]. Also see Eathorne 2004.
This workbook has been devised to assist RCN Representatives to understand the DDA Act 1995 and ensure its fair implementation in the workplace. This is now an RCN publication and HCP-Disability acknowledge the kind permission of the RCN for allowing the work to be available from here.
Download a copy of the PowerPoint presentation to support this workshop here: PowerPoint presentation to support the Disability Discrimination Workbook.
Wright DJ, Eathorne V. 2003 The Disability Discrimination Act 1995: A workbook to support a training workshop [PDF]
This workbook has been adapted from the above RCN workbook, with kind permission of the RCN, for other audiences. Although mainly adapted for Universities in supporting nursing students others may find this of interest.
Wright D 2003 Supporting Nursing and Midwifery Students with Disability The Assessor Issue 10, April. Online from School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Sheffield: Down load the PDF file of this paper
An account of how to help support students with disability in the clinical area with an outline of statute and policy relating to health care professionals with disability.
Accardo P, Haake C, Whitman B. 1989 The learning -disabled medical student Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 10(5) 253-8.
Developmental pediatricians are being consulted by medical school promotion committees with regard to the course of action to be taken with learning -disabled medical student s experiencing academic difficulties. Faculty attitude, a difficulty understanding the nature of learning disabilities, appears to be a major contributor to poor medical school performance on the part of learning -disabled adults. Utilizing the sequential-simultaneous information processing model as a simplified introduction to learning disability patterns, the authors argue that recommending intensive remediation of rote spelling and writing skills in student s engaged in graduate education represents both a waste of time and a further emotional trauma to these young professionals. [See comment in: Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 1990 Apr;11(2):103].
Agnew T. 2000 Alternative career for disabled nurses [News] Nursing Times 96(36):9, Sep 7-13.
NHS Direct is making good its promises to disabled nurses, although the government has failed to track the numbers employed.
Anderson A. 1981 One step at a timeJournal of Nursing Education 20(4): 22-7.
Describes the experience of one nursing faculty member with a last-semester student with a new onset physical disability; specifically, how she attempts to balance the behavioral objectives of the school while meeting the student's needs. Anderson describes her personal struggles of deciding whether a person with a disability can be an effective and safe nurse, through her experience of working with a student with a new onset physical disability. She shares how the law and her prior experience with this student influenced her decision.
Berthiaume AG. 2004 Disabled nurse dismissed without severance pay for absenteeism [online: http://www.nelligan.ca/e/pdf/LawyersWeeklyMay142004Berthiaume.pdf]
From Canada: ... A hospital, relying on subsection 58(5)(c) of the former ESA, did not provide Ms. Tilley with severance pay. Section 58(5)(c) of the ESA stated that employees were entitled to severance pay when they were dismissed during a period of absence because of illness or injury if the contract of employment had not become impossible to perform or been frustrated by that illness or injury. In other words, the former section dictated that when an employee was so disabled that they could not return to work under any method of accommodation, they did not qualify for severance pay when dismissed. ...
Anonymous 2002 More money for disabled students [News item] Nursing Times 98(12): 7 Mar 21-7.
Anonymous. 2002 Anxiety attacks: court dismisses nurse's disability discrimination claim Legal Eagle Eye Newsletter For The Nursing Profession 10(3):5, Mar.
To sue for disability discrimination an employee must have an impairment that substantially limits one or more of the employee's major life activities. The legal definition of disability is decided by courts on a case-by-case basis. Mental illness is a disability only under limited circumstances. An employee with major depression is considered to have a disability. A temporary condition is not thought of as a disability. The nurse had two major anxiety attacks some time apart. She was treated and returned to work. This does not fit the definition of a disability. Even so, a disabled person would have to be otherwise qualified for the job despite the disability. Someone who threatens violence is not qualified to work as a nurse.
Anonymous. 1997 Disability discrimination: court weighs issue of reasonable accommodation for nurse's condition Legal Eagle Eye Newsletter For The Nursing Profession 5(6):2, Jun.
An employer with sufficient staff can elect to offer a nurse the flexible use of medical leave as a reasonable accommodation. An employer does not have to create a suitable position for a nurse with a disability, displace another worker from such a position for the benefit of a disabled employee or give a disabled employee a hiring preference over others when a suitable position comes up. The employer has the obligation to inform the employer of his or her disability and the employee must ask for specific action from the employer as reasonable accommodation. Then both sides are responsible for working together in good faith to determine what would be reasonable. The employer knows what positions are currently available and the physical demands of each, and must offer a suitable position, if one is available.
Anonymous. 2001 Disability discrimination: lifting is an essential function of a staff nurse's job Legal Eagle Eye Newsletter For The Nursing Profession 9(9):1, 4, Sep.
A hospital has the right to deem lifting fifty pounds an essential function of a staff nurse's position. An employer can voluntarily give a disabled nurse light duty or allow her to depend on other nurses for lifting. An employer does not have to continue a voluntary arrangement when sufficient staffing is not available.
Anonymous. 1995 District offers support group for disabled nurses Ohio Nurses Review 70(5):4, Sep-Oct.
Anonymous. 2001 Epileptic nurse: court says employer reasonably accommodated nurse's disability Legal Eagle Eye Newsletter For The Nursing Profession 9(12):6, Dec.
A disabled employee is entitled to reasonable accommodation that will make the employee qualified to work, unless the employer can show that the requested accommodation would impose an undue hardship on the employer. The Americans With Disabilities Act says that reasonable accommodation may include job restructuring, part-time or modified work schedules or reassignment to a vacant position, assuming there is no undue hardship to the employer. Federal regulations say the employer must initiate an informal interactive communication process with a disabled employee to identify the employee's precise limitations from the disability and how those limitations can possibly be accommodated. If the employer seeks in good faith to participate in the interactive communication process, while the employee unreasonably refuses, the employee cannot sue for discrimination.
Anonymous. 1995 Exclusion zones... disabled nurses who are fit to practise [Editorial] Nursing Times. 91(47):3, Nov 22-28.
Anonymous. 2000 Narcotics diversion: patient-safety issues with narcotics cloud recovering nurse/addict's disability discrimination lawsuit Legal Eagle Eye Newsletter For The Nursing Profession 8(3):5, Mar.
A successfully rehabilitated drug abuser is person with a disability. This nurse was open about her past. She was in a five-year program for recovering nurse/addict's who had been in trouble for diverting narcotics. Her job went fine until she started taking Percocet for a back injury from lifting a patient. Suspicions arose she had started diverting narcotics again, but no one saw her do it and it could not be proven conclusively. However, failure to assess and to document an assessment of the patient's need for PRN narcotics and failure to document administration of medications are legitimate patient-safety issues for any nurse. A person with a disability must be a qualified individual with a disability to sue for disability discrimination in employment. Being qualified, among other things, means the person does not pose a threat to the health or safety of other persons encountered in the workplace. That includes a disabled nurse's patients.
Anonymous. 2001 Psychiatric nursing: disability discrimination suit thrown out, nurse unable to defend self or restrain patients Legal Eagle Eye Newsletter For The Nursing Profession 9(10):5, Oct.
Nurses on a psychiatric unit have to have a certain level of physical fitness. They have to be able to move quickly and use their physical strength to protect themselves and others when patients act out aggressively. That is an essential function of a psychiatric nurse's position. The nurse refused, based on medical restrictions, to have an annual fitness assessment or to take annual training in restraint techniques. The nurse had injured his back and neck working in the ICU. After a medical leave he returned to work on the psych unit. His physician imposed restrictions against heavy lifting and rapid or vigorous bending or twisting movements. The psychiatric unit nurse manager noticed he was very stiff and slow, tried to avoid certain movements and appeared to be in pain. There were serious concerns that the nurse's physical limitations placed patients, other nurses and the nurse himself at risk.
Anonymous 1998 [Students' corner] My desire for a career in nursing Maryland Nurse 17(8): 11, Nov-Dec.
Anonymous. 1998 Reasonable accommodation: court says hospital need not retrain disabled nurse Legal Eagle Eye Newsletter For The Nursing Profession 6(10):1, Oct.
After an off-the-job injury a nurse asked about a job that was open in utilization review. She was not qualified for the job without additional training. She could not go back to her clinical nursing position with her medical restrictions. It was not the hospital's responsibility to retrain her for the utilization review position.
Anonymous. 1997 Reasonable accommodation: employer has to know of nurse's disability, or no suit can be filed Legal Eagle Eye Newsletter For The Nursing Profession 5(9):6, Sep.
The courts are divided on whether infertility is a dysfunction of a major life activity, that is, whether it is a disability under the antidiscrimination laws. However, this court did not have to decide that question directly. The nurse in this case did not inform her supervisors her leave request had to do with her infertility. Her supervisors did not and could not know she considered herself disabled, and thus did not discriminate against her.
Anonymous. 2001 Sexual assault: hospital not penalized, let nurse with disability care for patients Legal Eagle Eye Newsletter For The Nursing Profession 9(9):4, Sep.
The nurse had a history of manic depression and was getting treatment. Because of his superior dedication to patient care, the hospital let him work with patients. He sometimes had emotional outbursts with co-workers and had one with one patient. But there never was any reason for the hospital to believe the nurse would sexually assault a patient.
Beecham L. 1998 BMA calls for more research into needs of disabled doctors British Medical Journal 316(7124):79 January 3 [MedicopolLink toitical digest is prepared by L. Beecham].
Blatt E. 1981 The possible impossible dream: disabled dentists beat the odds Dentalpractice 2(6):38-9, Jun.
Block MA. 1979 Disabled Physician: rehabilitation versus punishment New York State Journal of Medicine 79(7); 1025-28.
Brothers M, Eathorne V, Scullion P 2002 Disability Law and Employment: What does it mean to staff? Nursing and Residential Care 4(2) 60-63.
Browning H. K. E. 1980 Careers for diabetic girls in nursing British Medical Journal 281 (6325): 307.
[Comment]
Responds to the Journal's prior publications on disabilities and schools of nursing (May 17, 1980 and June 28, 1980) around the issue of admissions. The author was upset that schools of nursing were feeling that they did not have a legal right to deny students with disabilities admissions, even when the school felt that the disability compromised the applicant's ability to function in the nursing role. She wanted to remind schools of nursing that they are to decide who will be granted admission based on what skills are needed in order to be a nurse. Essentially, programs and graduates should not be compromised in quality or integrity when admitting students.
Burton G. Still JR. 1999 Achieving occupational role: accommodations for students with disability Occupational Therapy in Health Care 11(4): 1-7.
This paper describes the background and strategies utilized by occupational therapy educators in conjunction with Disabled Students Services personnel and students with disabilities to effect academic accommodations that will enhance their chances for success in academia and subsequently in the practice of occupational therapy.
Byrne M. 2002 Disabled students' allowance... 'You do the math' Nursing Times 98(44): 21 Oct.
Cameron C, Stemp G, Hamlin M, Morton T 1996 Disabled students in dental education in 1993-4 Dental Education 60(3) 280-4.
Carlisle D. 1990 I shall overcome Nursing Times 86(47) 50-2.
Vicky was 9 years old when she was knocked down by a car. When she regained consciousness she could not walk or talk. Her parents were told that she was unlikely to work full time or live independently. Qualifying as a nurse was the hardest thing she ever did, and she had to battle against attitudes of nurses who should have known better.
Champagne M. Havens B. Swenson I. 1984 Disabled nurses [Letter] Nursing Outlook 32(1):10, Jan-Feb.
Christensen RM. 1998 Nurse educators' attitudes toward and decision-making related to applicants with physical disabilities Journal of Nursing Education 37(7); 311-4. October.
The research aimed to determine the attitudes of those in decision making positions in nurse education toward people with physical disability, and what decision-making processes nurse educators use when faced with an applicant with a disability.
Conklin V 1990 Handicap status second to that of being a student [letter; comment] Nursing Outlook 38(6) 252.
Corlett S. 1999 Guidelines must not be discriminatory Nursing Standard 13(18): 10.
Crawley P. 1985 Employment of the disabled nurse Nursing (Oxford) 2(33):980-1, Jan.
Davidson S 1994 The Americans with disabilities act and essential functions in nursing programs Nurse Educator 19(2) 31-4.
A mailed survey found that most schools of nursing did not have an explicit list of essential functions (EF). Those programs that did have EFs did not include them as part of the admissions process. Regardless, once students were enrolled, they were expected to be able to complete the EF skills, which were often defined in terms of physical requirements. The author recommends that EF be developed and given to students in the early stages of the admissions process in order to allow students with disabilities to have the opportunity to judge for themselves if they are capable of the meeting the program's expectations prior to their enrolment.
Dept. of Health. 1995 Employing disabled people in the NHS: A guide to good practice Leeds, NHS Executive.
Dinsdale P. 2000 Willing and able Nursing Standard 14(27): 12-3, Mar 22.
Inflexible attitudes to disabled nurses mean the NHS is wasting a valuable resource.
Eliason M. 1992 Nursing Students with learning disabilities: Appropriate accommodations Journal of Nursing Education 31(8) 375-6.
Elliott DL, Hanzlik JR, Gliner JA 1992 Attitudes of occupational therapy personnel towards therapists with disabilities Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 12, 259-77.
Faigel H. 1992 Services for students with learning disabilities in US and Canadian medical schools Academic Medicine 67(5) 338-9.
Fletcher C, Nystul M 1993 Attitudes towards a blind counselor and perceived effectiveness Psychological Reports 73(3 Pt. 2) 1091-5.
French S. 1993 Experiences of disabled health and caring professionals IN Swain J, Finkelstein V, French S, Oliver M. 1993 Disabling barriers - Enabling environments Sage, London (in association with OU). 4.2, pg. 201-9.
This paper is an edited version of French S. 1988 Experiences of disabled health and caring professionals Sociology of Health and Illness 10((2); 170-88.
French S. 1988 Experiences of disabled health and caring professionals Sociology of Health and Illness 10((2); 170-88.
Widespread discrimination against disabled people in employment is well known. This study aimed to gain insight into the experiences of people with disabilities working as health care professionals. Most respondents reported either positive or neutral attitudes from colleagues, but a sizeable minority experienced negative attitudes, particularly when trying to gain access to training. Most respondents saw their disability as an advantage in health care, but were restricted in the specialities they could follow.
French S. 1987 Attitudes of physiotherapists to the recruitment of disabled and handicapped people into the physiotherapy profession Physiotherapy 73(7); 363-7. July.
Personal experience of disability and handicap gives a depth of knowledge that non-disabled people are not fully able to share. People with disability should be encouraged to become health care professionals. This study identifies physiotherapists' attitudes to the recruitment of disabled people in physiotherapy education.
French S. 1986 Handicapped people in the health and caring professions: Attitudes, practices and experiences. MSc dissertation, South Bank Polytechnic, London.
Gaze H. 2000 Break down barriers to disabled students, nursing schools urged [news item] Nursing Times 96(15); 7. April 13.
1998-9, out of 112,307 nursing students in HE, 2,116 (1.8%) were known to have a disability. Most were unseen disabilities such as diabetes, epilepsy, asthma (1,130) or dyslexia (478). A news report on the Clinical Placement Access Evaluation for Students with (Physical and Sensory) Impairments project. Contact: School of Healthcare Studies University of Leeds, 18 Blenheim Terrace, Leeds, LS2 9HD for more information.
Gaze H. 1984 The plight of the disabled nurse Nursing Times 80(6):16-8, Feb 8-14.
Gregan AC. 1996 Disabled doctors subject to Royal inequalities Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London 30(3):260-1, May-Jun.
Hanebrink S 1997 A double standard? OT Practice 2(9): 5.
Harrison D, Chia SH 2003 Promoting diversity in occupational therapy education British Journal of Occupational Therapy 66(5): 185.
Hartman DW, Hartman CW. 1981 Disabled students and medical school admissions Archives of Physical Medicine and rehabilitation 62; 90-1.
Hartman D. Asbell B. 1979 White Coat, White Cane : The Extraordinary Odyssey of a Blind Physician Putnam Publishing Group, New York [ISBN: 0872235165].
Helms L. Weiler K. 1993 Disability Discrimination in Nursing Education: An Evaluation of Legislation and Litigation Journal of Professional Nursing 9, 358-66.
This article explores legislation and the judicial interpretation of the laws that affect disabled students in health care professions. Specifically, the article reviews and analyzes the reported case law in which health care students have claimed discrimination against education programs because of their disabilities.
Hutton K. 1996 Dealing with disability as a medical student Student BMJ 4; 37.
Jones K. 1998 Being an 'RN' Home Healthcare Nurse 16(9): 648.
Jones comments on her personal experience of being a nurse who acquired a hearing impairment. Jones describes why she believes nurses with disabilities add insight to caring for persons with disabilities because of their own lived-experiences.
Keys G. 1994 Accommodating dental students with disabilities Journal of Dental Education 58(10) 745-1.
Kieran OP. Frank JM. 1991 Rehabilitation of physically disabled dentists: a model for a vocationally specific rehabilitation program Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 72(5):332-3, Apr.
A unique collaborative program whose goal is to facilitate the return of disabled dentists to active dental practice is described. This approach includes comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluation and remediation, and it has succeeded in revealing previously undiagnosed impairments which should be considered in the formulation of a rehabilitation plan. A case report illustrates the process. This program can serve as a model for similar programs addressing the needs of other disabled health care professionals.
Koenning G, Benjamin J, Todaro A, Warren R, Burns M. 1995 Bridging the "med ed gap" for students with special healthcare needs: a model school liaison program Journal of School Health 65(6) 207-12.
Nurse With Disability Lawfully Terminated Under The ADA, October 8, 2001
Kollman and Saucier [online http://www.kollman-saucier.com/quick/quickoctober2001.shtml]. 2001, Stafne v. Unicare Homes d/b/a Trevilla of New Brighton Inc., No. 99-3562 (8th Cir. Oct. 1, 2001).
The Eighth Circuit held that a nurse with rheumatoid arthritis was lawfully terminated because she could not perform the essential functions of her job.In a 2-1 decision, the Court of Appeals found that, among other things, Marion Stafne was unable to push wheelchairs, lift patients and perform the Heimlich maneuver because she needed to use a motorized cart. It stated that there was no accommodation that her employer could have offered that would have assisted her in completing the essential functions of her job.
Konur O. 2002 Access to nursing education by disabled students: rights and duties of nursing programs Nurse Education Today 22(5):364-74, Jul.
The rights and duties of nursing programs, regarding access to nursing education, for disabled students and the subsequent provision of services for them in the UK are discussed. Part IV of the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), as amended by the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (2001), identifies such statutory duties and rights for nursing programs.
Langfield J (Chairman). 1997 Meeting the needs of doctors with disabilities British Medical Association From BMJ Books Dept. BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR. [approximately £10].
LeBourdais E. 1995 Disabilities give some physicians a fresh insight into their profession Canadian Medical Association Journal 152(9) 1492-4.
Lord M. 2002 Making a difference: the implications for nursing education Nursing Times 98(20):38-40
Mabry E. 1974 The disabled doctor: thinking the unthinkable Dental Management 14(7):15-8, Jul.
MacDonald R. 2001 Career advice for doctors with a chronic illness: The Career Focus matching scheme may help fill the gap British Medical Journal 322(7295):1136-1137 [Editorial] May 12.
Magilvy JK, Mitchell AC. 1995 Education of nursing students with special needs Journal of Nursing Education 34(1); 31-6. January.
A survey was carried out to describe the extent to which BSN and nursing programs in the US admit and graduate special needs and chronically ill students, and to identify the accommodations which have been successful for these students. Most programs responding had little experience with providing special accommodations. Issues are raised that must be addressed to meet this important challenge.
Maheady DC. 2006 Leave No Nurse Behind: Nurses Working with DisAbilities iUniverse.com, US. [ISBN: 0595396496].
Many nurses who can and want to work are being denied the opportunity. They are turned away from unfilled positions because they have disabilities. Eleven nurses tell their personal stories in the face of stigma and discrimination, proving that nurses with disabilities have the ability to successfully nurse. A car accident. This book serves as a practical guide for nurses living and working with disabilities, and for nursing students with disabilities. With proper planning, the right knowledge and perseverance, this book demonstrates that shutting nurses and nursing students with disabilities out of the profession only does the profession and the patients who need them a disservice. [Available from Barnes & Noble, iUniverse, Amazon: USA and UK].
Maheady DC. 2004 Positions Wanted: Nurses with Disabilities: Barriers to employment remain despite the nursing shortage American Journal of Nursing 104(3): 13 (March)
PDF version of this article: click this link to download
'I lost my job because I have to use a cane and they said I was unable to return to full capacity according to the job description. I asked for another position and was told, "We can't make a position for you."'
Maheady DC. 2003 Patrick's story: Navy veteran with hearing loss becomes a nurse The Exceptional Parent 33(7): 102. July.
Maheady DC. 2003 Nursing Students with Disabilities Change the Course
This book charts the course of eight nursing students who have disabilities as they complete nursing training. The students' stories are inspirational and educational. By describing their own challenges of deafness, Crohn's Disease, physical disabilities, etc., the students demonstrate that where there is a will there is a way ... Maheady adapts the individualized educational approach used in special education to the nursing program and creates individualized nursing education programs. Her approach is unique and fulfils a broader need in the community of people with disabilities. ( Now also available from Amazon (www.amazon.com and www.amazon.co.uk).
Maheady DC. 1999 Jumping through hoops, walking on egg shells: The experiences of nursing students with disabilities Journal of Nursing Education 38(4); 162-70. April.
The study describes the experience of nursing students with disability through interviews, observations and document analysis. The findings reveal concerns related to potentially unsafe nursing practices. The findings should assist admission and retention decisions and development of reasonable adjustments.
[see Marks for a critical response].
Maheady DC, Winland-Brown J. 1995 Inclusion of students with disabilities in nursing education programs in Florida Florida Nurse 43(10): 11.
The authors set out to evaluate if more students with disabilities are applying and being admitted to Florida schools of nursing, the types of disabilities these students had, the types of accommodations that were being given, and if there were faculty suggestions on how to facilitate the needs of nursing students with disabilities. There was a moderate increase in the number of students with disabilities that applied to each of the schools over recent years, and that the types of disabilities students had were vast and varied.
Marks BA. 2000 Jumping through hoops and walking on eggshells or discrimination, hazing, and abuse of students with disabilities Journal of Nursing Education 39(5): 205-210.
A critical response to Maheady's (1999) study. The core criticism is how Maheady's use of the medical model of disability to further perpetuate the image that disabilities are compromised functions and that nurses with disabilities may threaten patient safety because of this compromised function. Marks suggests that Maheady's findings further discriminate against persons with disabilities, especially around issue of the quality of care provided by nurses with disabilities. Marks challenges nurses to abandon the traditional medical model for the social model of disability, because of the medical model's oppressive and discriminatory nature.
[See Maheady's paper for additional information].
Martini CM. 1987 Physical disabilities and the study and practice of medicine Journal of the American Medical Association 257; 2956-7.
Meier R. 1993 Issues concerning medical school admissions for students with disabilities [editorial] American Journal of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 72(6) 341-2.
Mercer S. Pinder R. 2000 Doctors and medical students with disabilities [Letter] Medical Education 34(11) 962 November.
Murphy GT. Brennan M. 1998 Nursing students with disabilities The Canadian Nurse 31-34.
Describes Dalhousie University's attempt to build guidelines and basic practice standards, for schools of nursing, to benefit all students, including students with disabilities. These standards can help applicants identify what it takes to be admitted and successfully complete the program, and if the program is for them. This would allow nurses with disabilities who may not be able to work in one area well, to work in one that may be more comfortable and appropriate just like nurses without disabilities.
Mutchnick I, Blount M 1996 A pilot study on attitudes toward making reasonable accommodations for occupational therapists with disabilities Occupational Therapy International, 3(1): 49-66.
Noie N. 1977 Medicine's response to the disabled doctor problem: 'help our colleagues, protect their patients' Hospital Medical Staff 6(4) 9-14, Apr.
Nowlan D. 1981 Disabled doctors [Editorial] Irish Medical Journal 74(1):3, Jan.
Olkin R. 2002 The rights of graduate psychology students with disabilities Journal of Social Work in Disability Rehabilitation 1(1): 67-80
Students with disabilities in graduate school have requirements additional to those of non-disabled students, and face barriers to retention and graduation. This paper addresses the issues facing students with disabilities in clinical graduate programs, and outlines a dozen specific rights for students with disabilities. The legal and social contexts for considering these rights are examined. Three legal tenets (separate is not equal; equality versus equity; assumption of innocence until proven guilty) are discussed as they apply to disability. Twelve suggestions for making the application process more accessible to persons with disabilities are offered.
Persaud D. Leedom CL. Magilvy J.K. Mitchell AC. 2002 The Americans with Disabilities Act: Effect on student admission and retention practices in Californian nursing schools Journal of Nursing Education 41(8): 349-52.
Petroff J. 1996 Heavy lifting and the disabled nurse: legal protection for staff nurses Ohio Nurses Review 71(6):11-2, Jul.
Pohl, C. Winland-Brown, J. 1992 The Meaning of Disability in a Caring Environment Journal of Nursing Administration 22(6), 29-35.
The meaning of disability on perception of self-worth as a nurse was identified through this qualitative study of disabled registered nurses. A metaphor emerged depicting the phenomena of the lived experience of disabled nurses. The results indicate that by creating a caring environment, nurse administrators can encourage disabled RNs to return to nursing practice.
Policastro AM. 1990 The learning -disabled medical student [comment; letter] Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 11(2)103.
RCN 2002 Workability - Injured and disabled nurses can return to work Royal College of Nursing, London. (publication code: 001 159). Also see Workability 2.
Restifo V. 2001 Career fitness tips for disabled nurses Nursing Spectrum (Chicago Illinois Indiana). 14(4):43, Feb 20.
Restifo V. 1996 Career tips for the disabled nurse Nursing Spectrum (D.C./Baltimore Metro Edition). 6(24):16, Nov 18.
Restifo V. 1997 Career tips for the disabled nurse Nursing Spectrum (NY NJ). 9A(20):12, Oct 6.
Saputo B. 1994 Adapting to a nurse's disability: strategies for the nurse manager Recruitment, Retention & Restructuring Report 7(4); 4-7, Apr.
Several strategies can help the manager to lead the whole team in successful adaptation to multiple types of nurses' disabilities or problems. This article describes specific actions the nurse manager can take to promote successful adaptation in the clinical nursing setting. This article is written by a nurse with experience in successfully adapting to a challenging disability.
Scullion P, Brothers M, Eathorne V ( 2002) Education For All Learning Disability Practice 5(2) 8-10.
Scullion P. 2000 Disabled people as health service employees Nursing Management 7(66); 8-13.
Scullion P. 2000 Serving and employing disabled people within the NHS British Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 7(7); 314-8.
Scullion P. 2000 Equity of access for disabled people Professional Nurse 15(10); 667-70.
Scullion P. 2000 Enabling disabled people: responsibilities of nurse education British Journal of Nursing 9(15); 1010-15.
Sibbald B. 2000 Canada home to world's first association for disabled doctors Canadian Medical Association Journal 163(10):1330 November 14.
SKILL 2005 Into Nursing and Midwifery SKILL, London (see https://secure.skill.org.uk/index.asp)
Into Nursing and Midwifery is an essential guide for disabled people thinking about nursing or midwifery as a career. The publication includes information about applying, fitness to practise, funding and support, and the different routes into nursing and qualifications, as well as profiles written by disabled people about their training and work in the profession.
Sloane M. 1998 Disabled nurses find protection in Americans With Disabilities Act Nursing Spectrum (Chicago Illinois Indiana). 11(18):6-7, Sep 8.
Sloane M. 1998 Equality for disabled nurses Nursing Spectrum (FLA). 8(21):4-5, 7, Oct 19.
Sloane M. 1998 The Americans With Disabilities Act ensures equality for disabled nurses Nursing Spectrum (NY NJ). 10A(21):14-5, Oct 19.
Sloane M. 1998 The Americans With Disabilities Act ensures equality for disabled nurses Nursing Spectrum (Philadelphia Tri State). 7(20):10-1, Oct 5.
Sloane M. 1998 The Americans with Disabilities Act ensures equality for disabled nurses Nursing Spectrum (Washington DC Baltimore). 8(18):4-6, Sep 8.
Sloane M. 1998 The Americans With Disabilities Act ensures equality for disabled nurses Nursing Spectrum (New England). 2(18):14-5, Sep 8. (3 bib)
Solan H, Heiberger M. 1995 The learning disabled optometry student: compliance with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Optometry & Vision Science 72(5) 346-51.
Sullivan MD. 1994 Revolution looks at clinical practice made and betrayed in America: the experiences of a disabled nurse Revolution 4(2):32-5, 105-6, Summer.
Strader MK. 1983 Schools of nursing and the handicapped applicant: Status of the law Nursing and Health Care 4(6); 322-6.
Swenson I, Foster BH, Champagne M. 1991 Responses of schools of nursing to physically, mentally and substance-impaired students Journal of Nursing Education 30(7); 320-5.
Talbott GD. Holderfield H. Shoemaker KE. Atkins EC. 1976 The Disabled Doctors Plan for Georgia Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia 65(3):71-6, Mar.
Talbott GD. Richardson AC Jr. Atkins EC. 1977 The MAG (Medical Association of Georgia) disabled doctor's program: a two-year review Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia 66(10):777-81, Oct.
Talbott GD. Richardson AC Jr. Mashburn JS. Benson EB. 1981 The Medical Association of Georgia's Disabled Doctors Program -- a 5-year review Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia 70(8):545-9, Aug.
Talbott GD. 1980 The disabled doctor: an occupational hazard Transactions of the Association of Life Insurance Medical Directors of America 63:39-52.
Talbott GD. 1977 The disabled doctors program of Georgia Alcoholism Clinical & Experimental Research 1(2):143-6, Apr.
Tammelleo AD. 1993 "Reasonable accommodations" for disabled nurses Regan Report on Nursing Law 34(7):1, Dec.
Thompson JS. 1995 Disability, fundamentals of nursing care: Able to care Nursing Times 91(44): 40-1.
The author concludes that having a disability does not inherently violate the tenets of nursing. However, the nursing literature continues to raise this question. The author blames this foundationless debate on attitudes and perceptions of nurse on disability (typically in a medical model mind-set) - from education to the profession.
Tomblin Murphy G, Brennan M. 1998 Nursing students with disabilities The Canadian Nurse / L'Infirmi & egrave;re Canadienne 94(10) 31-4. November.
Trevelyan J. 1995 Rough justice Nursing Times 91(49): 47-9.
The overwhelming messageLink to found in this survey was that nurses with and without disabilities believe that nurses with disabilities can and are productive members of the healthcare team. Despite this belief, many of the respondents stated that having and disclosing a disability does or would threaten their employability. As a result, most nurses with disabilities do not disclose to their employers and/or colleagues.
Turner S. 1995 Disabled doctors hit out at lack of support and advice BMA News Review 21(10): 18-9.
Velde BP 2000 The experience of being an occupational therapist with a disability American Journal of Occupational Therapy 52(2): 183-8.
Wallis L. 2004 Positive support Nursing Standard 18(29): 22.
Changing employer's attitudes to disabled nurses is the objective of a new workbook for use by union representatives. (This link takes you to the workbook reference).
Wall BW. Appelbaum KL. 1998 Disabled doctors: the insurance industry seeks a second opinion Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law 26(1):7-19.
This article focuses on disability in the professional work force, especially among physicians, and includes a background on private disability insurance in the United States, a discussion of problems experienced by the insurance industry over the past few years, a review of relevant case law on private disability, and legal and clinical issues involved in performing independent medical evaluations.
Waters A. 1999 Disabled students 'could study nursing' Nursing Standard 13(22): 7, Feb 17-23.
Watson PG. 1995 Nursing students with disabilities: a survey of baccalaureate nursing programs Journal of Professional Nursing 11(3):147-53, May-Jun.
In an effort to raise awareness of critical issues regarding the obligations of institutions of higher learning to accept and accommodate qualified disabled students, this study surveyed 247 baccalaureate nursing programs to determine their responses and reactions to applicants and students with disabilities. Almost half of the programs responding to the survey reported admitting students with disabilities, the most prevalent of which were dyslexia and other learning disabilities. The study highlights the need for establishing core performance expectations and technical standards in baccalaureate nursing education.
Weatherby F. Moran M. 1989 Admission criteria for handicapped students: Focus on the ability to provide safe, effective nursing care rather than on individual deficits Nursing Outlook 37(4): 179-81.
Included in this discussion is a debate on what physical attributes are required for safe care. These comments are substantiated by court cases and stories of nursing students who completed their education and moved successfully into practice. The article concludes with recommendations for admission and progression protocols for Schools of Nursing.
Wainaple S. 1987 The physically disabled physician Journal of the American Medical Association 257; 2935-8.
Waters A. 1999 Disabled students 'could study nursing' Nursing Standard (news report) 13(22); 7.
People who are blind and those in wheelchairs should not be barred from nursing.
Watson G. 1995 Nursing students with disabilities: A survey of baccalaureate nursing programs Journal of Professional Nursing 11(3); 147-53.
This study surveyed 247 baccalaureate nursing programs to determine their responses and reactions to applicants and students with disabilities. Of the students that were admitted, the most prevalent disabilities were dyslexia and learning disabilities. The study revealed that extensive special services were provided.
Webster G. 1980 Blind internist passes board exam The New England Journal of Medicine 302(20) 1152.
Wetherby F, Moran M. 1989 Admission criteria for handicapped students Nursing Outlook 37(4); 179-81.
Winkler T. 1985 Handicapped in a medical school: A personal account Journal of Louisiana State Medical Society 137; 26-9.
Winland-Brown JE, Pohl C. 1990 Administrators' attitudes toward hiring disabled nurses Journal of Nurse Administration 20(4); 24-7 Apr.
A previously untapped market for staff are registered nurses with disability. The results of a survey, sent to nursing home and hospital administrators, assessing their attitudes toward hiring disabled RNs, is reported. Differences between nurse administrators and non-nurse administrators were significant. The authors suggests that strategies are developed to incorporate nurses with disability into the work force.
Wood D. 1998 Disabled nursing students in the classroom Nurse Educator 23(2):21, 25, Mar-Apr.
Wood D. 1998 Disabled nursing students in the classroom [News, notes tips] Nurse Education 23(2):21, 25, Mar-Apr.
Wright DJ, Eathorne V 2003 Supporting students with disabilities Nursing Standard. 18, 11, 37-42. [PDF]
The use of workshops to inform and question practice is common. Two workshops on supporting learners with disabilities in the clinical environment are described with support from the literature. Examples of discrimination are outlined showing a wide variation in the NHS before the implementation of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. Participants outlined barriers to learning in clinical environments and ways of overcoming those barriers. They also discussed the need to develop support mechanisms.
Wright D, Eathorne V 2003 SENDA: the implications for educating health care students and professionals: a workshop Examining options: applying the DDA to exams and assessments in higher education, SKILL (www.skill.org.uk) conference.
Yeater DC. 1987 The occupational health nurse as disability manager: a vital health care management strategy AAOHN Journal 35(3):116-8, Mar.
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